72.) SCOLYMUS to MYCELIS

Subfamily CICHORIOIDEAE

Tribe CICHORIEAE

SCOLYMUS L.

Scolymus hispanicus L. (ssp. hispanicus) (Golden Thistle) - Sandwith (1932) General
Scolymus maculatus L. (Spotted Golden Thistle) - Sandwith (1932) General

CENTROMADIA Greene

Centromadia fitchii Greene (Fitch's Spikeweed - NBN, GBIF, Fitch's Tarweed - iNaturalist) - 1 record on NBN [Bristol Botany in 1935 (as Hemizonia fitchii)] General

CICHORIUM L.

Cichorium intybus L. (Chicory) / General Widespread on roadsides, fallow fields, field margins, spoil heaps, newly made ground.
ssp. silvestre (Bisch.) Janch. General The common wild plant to which most records refer. This was used as a coffee substitute during WWII.
ssp. intybus General Extinct The cultivated plant, grown for the young tight shoots which are blanched. Was recorded at St Philip's Marsh in 1918 (Riddelsdell, 1948 [as var. glabratum]) [B.E.C., 1918, p. 385].
Cichorium endivia L. (Endive) 1980 General

RHAGADIOLUS Juss.

Rhagadiolus edulis Gaertn. (Edible Star-Hawkbit - Wikipedia, iNaturalist, Edible Hawkbit - Flora of Israel and adjacent areas) - Sandwith (1932) General

LAPSANA L.

Lapsana communis L. ssp. communis (Nipplewort) / General Common Common in a range of situations, usually with some shade such as at the bases of walls, hedgebanks, open scrub, gardens, churchyards, roadsides.

HYPOCHAERIS L.

Hypochaeris radicata L. ssp. radicata (Cat's-ear) / Grassland
Hypochaeris glabra L. (Smooth Cat's-ear) Grassland
Hypochaeris maculata L. (Spotted Cat's-ear) - 2 records (probably errors) Grassland

SCORZONEROIDES Moench

Scorzoneroides autumnalis (L.) Moench var. autumnalis (Leontodon autumnalis L.) (Autumn Hawkbit) / Grassland

LEONTODON L.

Leontodon hispidus L. var. hispidus (Rough Hawkbit) / Grassland
Leontodon hispidus x L. saxatilis = L. x *vegetus* Finch & P.D. Sell (Hybrid Hawkbit) - 1 record Grassland
Leontodon saxatilis Lam. (ssp. saxatilis) (Lesser Hawkbit) / Grassland

HEDYPNOIS Mill.

Hedypnois rhagadioloides (L.) F.W. Schmidt (H. cretica (L.) Willd.) (Scaly Hawkbit) 1939 General

PICRIS L.

Picris hieracioides L. (Hawkweed Oxtongue) /- Grassland Uncommon Widely distributed and localised in old quarries, dry species-rich grassland, rough stony pastures, grass banks, railway banks, roadsides.
ssp. hieracioides Grassland Uncommon The native plant; found in old quarries, dry species-rich grassland, rough stony pastures, grass banks, railway banks, roadsides.
ssp. villarsii (Jord.) Nyman (Hawkweed Oxtongue) General Very Rare Differs from the nominate plant in having dark blackish-green rather than dull green phyllaries, some capitula borne on short stalks rather than being all long-stalked, and additionally having reddish-orange ligule undersides rather than yellow. Discovered in great abundance on derelict ground behind Grow Wilder and along the bus gate roadside cut through at Frenchay, Bristol in 2023, and later that same year found at Narroways Nature Reserve; a single plant was found below the yellow Castle at Stoke Park in 2024; several plants were observed on a stone wall abounding the River Frome at Riverside Park in 2024; and a single plant was found near Ikea on a ridge of earth beside New Stadium Road, Eastville in 2025. These records all show a north-east Bristol distribution and indicate an interesting connection, appearing to follow the direction of the M32. It may be overlooked elsewhere.
Picris rhagadioloides (L.) Desf. (Kew, GBIF, EDIT) P. sprengeriana (L.) Poir. (Tall Ox-tongue - GBIF, Scaly Hawkweed Ox-tongue?) 1931 Sandwith (1932 [as P. sprengeriana]) General

HELMINTHOTHECA Zinn

Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub (Picris echioides L.) (Bristly Oxtongue) / General

SCORZONERA L.

Scorzonera hispanica L. (Pseudopodospermum hispanicum (L.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N. Kilian ssp. hispanicum) (Garden Scorzonera - Stace, Black Salsify - NBN, GBIF, Spanish Salsify, Black Oyster Plant, Serpent-root, Viper's-herb - Wikipedia) (1981) General

TRAGOPOGON L.

Tragopogon pratensis L. (Goat's-beard) Grassland Frequent Found in species-rich grassland, road verges, field margins.
ssp. pratensis - Brist. Fl., Glos. Fl. Grassland Extinct With ligules as long as or exceeding the phyllaries. Not recorded in recent years but may be overlooked.
ssp. minor (Mill.) Wahlenb. (T. minor Mill.) (Goat's-beard) / Grassland Frequent The native plant of species-rich grassland and roadsides; with ligules being notably shorter than the phyllaries.
Tragopogon porrifolius L. ( and ) (Salsify) / General
ssp. porrifolius General Scarce The nominate plant with ligules more or less equaling the length of the phyllaries. Most records refer to this
ssp. australis (Jord.) Nyman. General Very Rare With ligules being only half as long as the phyllaries. Several plants were seen opposite the station platform at Sea Mills from the train in 2018 by C.M. Lovatt.

"Soon after I saw a few on the railway bridge over the Trym and more on the banks of the Trym close to the Avon, outside the gate of the allotments. That is the probable source, and sadly they may not be survivors from what James Sowerby saw (and drew) in the very nearby meadows under Cook's Folly. There is a record in the late 19th Century of it growing in the railway close to Sneyd Park Junction, half a mile away. Both are the short-liguled ssp. australis." (NBN)

GEROPOGON L.

Geropogon hybridus (L.) Sch. Bip. (Slender Salsify) - Sandwith (1932 [as Tragopogon hybridus]) General Extinct A native of the Mediterranean; recorded at St Philip's Marsh in 1922 by C.I. Sandwith, teste A. Thellung.

SONCHUS L.

Sonchus arvensis L. (Perennial Sow-thistle) / General Frequent Found in a variety of disturbed and grassy places usually where the ground is damp such as along river banks, roadsides, pavements and walls.
ssp. arvensis General Frequent The nominate plant with the same status and distribution as the species.
ssp. uliginosus (M. Bieb.) Nyman (Perennial Sowthistle) - Sandwith (1932 [as var. glabrescens]) General Extinct Glabrous plants with shorter phyllaries (10 - 16 vs 14 - 20 mm). Recorded at Avonmouth Docks in 1923 by C.I. Sandwith and "persistent" there (Sandwith, 1932 [as var. glabrescens]). It may be overlooked.
Sonchus oleraceus L. (Smooth Sow-thistle) / General
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill ssp. asper (Prickly Sow-thistle) / General

LACTUCA L.

Lactuca serriola L. (Prickly Lettuce) / General Both forms are frequent and often grow in mixed populations.
f. serriola The typical plant with deeply divided leaves.
f. integrifolia (Gray) S.D. Prince & R.N. Carter With more or less entire leaves. This appears to be slightly more common than f. serriola.
Lactuca sativa L. (Garden Lettuce) General
Lactuca virosa L. (ssp. virosa) (Great Lettuce) / General
Lactuca saligna L. (Least Lettuce) 1868 Coasts
Lactuca tatarica (L.) C.A. Mey. (Blue Lettuce) General

CICERBITA Wallr.

Cicerbita macrophylla (Willd.) Wallr. ssp. uralensis (Rouy) P.D. Sell (Common Blue-sow-thistle) / General
Cicerbita bourgaei (Boiss.) Beauverd (Pontic Blue-sowthistle) - 3 BSBI records General

MYCELIS Cass.

Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort. (Wall Lettuce) / General Frequent Frequent on and at the bases of walls and on exposed rock faces; usually in damp shaded spots.

List:

Scolymus hispanicus L. (ssp. hispanicus - Kew, GBIF) (Golden Thistle) - Sandwith (1932) General
Scolymus maculatus L. (Spotted Golden Thistle) - Sandwith (1932) General
Centromadia fitchii Greene (Fitch's Spikeweed - NBN, GBIF, Fitch's Tarweed - iNaturalist) - 1 record on NBN [Bristol Botany in 1935 (as Hemizonia fitchii)] General
Cichorium intybus L. (ssp. silvestre (Bisch.) Janch. and ssp. intybus - Stace) (Chicory) / General
Cichorium endivia L. (Endive) 1980 General
Rhagadiolus edulis Gaertn. (Edible Star-Hawkbit - Wikipedia, iNaturalist, Edible Hawkbit - Flora of Israel and adjacent areas) - Sandwith (1932) General
Lapsana communis L. ssp. communis (Nipplewort) / General
Hypochaeris radicata L. (ssp. radicata - Stace, NBN, Kew) (Cat's-ear) / Grassland
Hypochaeris glabra L. (Smooth Cat's-ear) Grassland
Hypochaeris maculata L. (Spotted Cat's-ear) - 2 records (probably errors) Grassland
Scorzoneroides autumnalis (L.) Moench (Stace) var. autumnalis (Stace, NBN) Leontodon autumnalis L. (old name) (Autumn Hawkbit) / Grassland
Leontodon hispidus L. (var. hispidus - Stace, NBN) (Rough Hawkbit) / Grassland
Leontodon hispidus x L. saxatilis = L. x vegetus Finch & P.D. Sell (Hybrid Hawkbit) - 1 record Grassland
Leontodon saxatilis Lam. (ssp. saxatilis - Kew, GBIF) (Lesser Hawkbit) / Grassland
Hedypnois rhagadioloides (L.) F.W. Schmidt (Stace) Hedypnois cretica (L.) Willd. (NBN) (Scaly Hawkbit) 1939 General
Picris hieracioides L. (ssp. hieracioides - Stace, NBN) (Hawkweed Oxtongue) /- Grassland
Picris hieracioides L. ssp. villarsii (Jord.) Nyman (Hawkweed Oxtongue) General
Picris rhagadioloides (L.) Desf. (Kew, GBIF, EDIT) Picris sprengeriana (L.) Poir. (Tall Ox-tongue - GBIF, Scaly Hawkweed Ox-tongue?) 1931 Sandwith (1932 [as P. sprengeriana]) General
Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub (Stace) Picris echioides L. (NBN) (Bristly Oxtongue) / General
Scorzonera hispanica L. (Stace, NBN) Pseudopodospermum hispanicum (L.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N. Kilian (Kew, EDIT) (ssp. hispanicum - Kew, GBIF) (Garden Scorzonera - Stace, Black Salsify - NBN, GBIF, Spanish Salsify, Black Oyster Plant, Serpent-root, Viper's-herb - Wikipedia) (1981) General
Tragopogon pratensis L. ssp. pratensis (Goat's-beard) - Brist. Fl., Glos. Fl. Grassland
Tragopogon pratensis L. (ssp. minor (Mill.) Wahlenb. - Stace) (T. minor Mill. - Kew, GBIF) (Goat's-beard) / Grassland
Tragopogon porrifolius L. (ssp. porrifolius and ssp. australis (Jord.) Nyman. - Stace, NBN, Kew) (Salsify) / General
Geropogon hybridus (L.) Sch. Bip. (Slender Salsify) - Sandwith (1932 [as Tragopogon hybridus]) General
Sonchus arvensis L. (ssp. arvensis - Stace, NBN) (Perennial Sow-thistle) / General
Sonchus arvensis ssp. uliginosus (M. Bieb.) Nyman (Perennial Sowthistle) - Sandwith (1932 [as var. glabrescens]) General
Sonchus oleraceus L. (Smooth Sow-thistle) / General
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill (ssp. asper - Stace, NBN) (Prickly Sow-thistle) / General
Lactuca serriola L. (f. integrifolia (Gray) S.D. Prince & R.N. Carter and f. serriola - NBN) (Prickly Lettuce) / General
Lactuca sativa L. (Garden Lettuce) General
Lactuca virosa L. (ssp. virosa - Kew, GBIF) (Great Lettuce) / General
Lactuca saligna L. (Least Lettuce) 1868 Coasts
Lactuca tatarica (L.) C.A. Mey. (Blue Lettuce) General
Cicerbita macrophylla (Willd.) Wallr. ssp. uralensis (Rouy) P.D. Sell (Common Blue-sow-thistle) / General
Cicerbita bourgaei (Boiss.) Beauverd (Pontic Blue-sowthistle) - 3 BSBI records General
Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort. (Wall Lettuce) / General

Species to add:

Scolymus hispanicus L. (ssp. hispanicus - Kew, GBIF) (Golden Thistle) - Sandwith (1932) /
Scolymus maculatus L. (Spotted Golden Thistle) - Sandwith (1932) /
Centromadia fitchii Greene (Fitch's Spikeweed - NBN, GBIF, Fitch's Tarweed - iNaturalist) - 1 record on NBN [Bristol Botany in 1935 (as Hemizonia fitchii)] /
Rhagadiolus edulis Gaertn. (Edible Star-Hawkbit - Wikipedia, iNaturalist, Edible Hawkbit - Flora of Israel and adjacent areas) - Sandwith (1932) /
Hypochaeris glabra L. (Smooth Cat's-ear) /
Hypochaeris maculata L. (Spotted Cat's-ear) - 2 records (probably errors) /
Leontodon hispidus x L. saxatilis = L. x vegetus Finch & P.D. Sell (Hybrid Hawkbit) - 1 record /
Tragopogon pratensis L. ssp. pratensis (Goat's-beard) - Brist. Fl., Glos. Fl. /
Geropogon hybridus (L.) Sch. Bip. (Slender Salsify) - Sandwith (1932 [as Tragopogon hybridus]) /
Sonchus arvensis ssp. uliginosus (M. Bieb.) Nyman (Perennial Sowthistle) - Sandwith (1932 [as var. glabrescens]) /
Lactuca sativa L. (Garden Lettuce) /
Lactuca tatarica (L.) C.A. Mey. (Blue Lettuce) /
Cicerbita bourgaei (Boiss.) Beauverd (Pontic Blue-sowthistle) - 3 BSBI records /

Plants recorded by me:

Picris hieracioides L. ssp. villarsii (Jord.) Nyman (Hawkweed Oxtongue) /

Species which could occur:

Hypochaeris radicata x H. glabra = H. x intermedia Richt. (Hybrid Cat's-ear)
Scorzoneroides autumnalis (L.) Moench var. salina (Aspegren) P.D. Sell (Autumn Hawkbit)
Leontodon hispidus L. var. glabratus (W.D.J. Koch) Bisch. (Rough Hawkbit)
Tragopogon pratensis x T. porrifolius = T. x mirabilis Rouy (Goat's-beard x Salsify)
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill ssp. glaucescens (Jord.) Ball (Prickly Sow-thistle)

Otherwise known as Jack-goes-to-bed-at-noon, Riddelsdell (1948) gives the similar name Johnny-go-to-bed-at-noon as a local Gloucestershire name.