65.) LAMIACEAE - Dead-nettle family - Pages

65.) LAMIACEAE - Dead-nettle family

LAMIACEAE - Dead-nettle family

STACHYS L.

Stachys byzantina K. Koch (Lamb's-ear) 1984 / General
Stachys germanica L. (ssp. germanica) (Downy Woundwort) - [Sandwith, 1932] General
Stachys cretica L. ssp. salviifolia (Ten.) Rech. f. (Cretan Woundwort?, Cretan Hedge-nettle - GBIF, Mediterranean Woundwort - Cretan Flora) - [Sandwith, 1932 (as S. salviifolia)] General
Stachys sylvatica L. (Hedge Woundwort) / General Very Common Common and conspicuous on hedgebanks, road verges, woodland, river banks, churchyards, shaded gardens and occasionally at the bases of walls.
var. sylvatica General The nominate plant with the same range and distribution as the species.
var. subsericea Grogn. General A distinctively downy form with smaller leaves (about 4.5 x 3 cm). First discovered locally at Peasedown St. John, North Somerset in 2000s by ? [BSBI record] and found for the first time in the north of the region in a small paddock adjacent to the M32 close to Avon Wildlife Trust’s Grow Wilder site in Stapleton in 2021 by G. Balfry and S. Waycott and later encountered that same year at Ashton Court and again by the Begbrook bus stop close to the original site in 2024.

[Also recorded near North Wraxall in 2010s by ? - BSBI record. Is it within the region?]

Stachys sylvatica x S. palustris = S. x *ambigua* Sm. (Hybrid Woundwort) General
Stachys palustris L. (Marsh Woundwort) / Wetland
Stachys arvensis (L.) L. (Field Woundwort) / General Rare A much declined plant of arable fields. A record of particular interest was made of a single plant at the base of a wall on Phoenix Grove, Goldenhill, Bristol on Christmas day in 2025 by D. Peters, possibly arising as a birdseed alien.
Stachys ocymastrum (L.) Briq. (Italian Hedgenettle - GBIF, Hairy Woundwort - MaltaWildPlants.com, PlantNet) - [Bristol Botany in 1935] General
Stachys recta L. (Perennial Yellow-woundwort) 1898 General
Stachys annua (L.) L. (Annual Yellow-woundwort) 1908 General

BETONICA L.

Betonica officinalis L. (Stace, Kew) (var. officinalis - NBN / ssp. officinalis - Kew) Stachys officinalis (L.) Trevis. (NBN) (Betony) / General

BALLOTA L.

Ballota nigra L.(Black Horehound) / General
ssp. nigra - [Sandwith, 1932 (as var. mollissima)] General
ssp. meridionalis (Bég.) Bég. General
ssp. ruderalis (Sw.) Briq. - [Sandwith, 1932 (as B. ruderalis)] General Extinct

MARRUBIUM L.

Marrubium vulgare L. (White Horehound) /- Grassland
Marrubium alysson L. - (Plaited-leaved White Horehound - Flora of Israel and adjacent areas, Alysson's Horehound?) - [Sandwith, 1932] General
Marrubium peregrinum L. (Mediterranean Horehound?) - [Sandwith, 1932] General

LEONURUS L.

Leonurus cardiaca L. (Motherwort) 1926 General

LAMIASTRUM Heist. ex Fabr.

Lamiastrum galeobdolon (L.) Ehrend. & Polatschek Woodland
ssp. montanum (Pers.) Ehrend. & Polatschek (Yellow Archangel) / Woodland The native plant of woods and hedgebanks.
ssp. argentatum (Smejkal) Stace (Garden Yellow Archangel) / General An introduction with silvery-white blotches on its leaves; widely found established on road verges, urban woods and hedgebanks.

LAMIUM L.

Lamium album L. (White Dead-nettle) / General
Lamium maculatum (L.) L. (Spotted Dead-nettle) - General Found in a front garden in Bristol in 2024 by D. Peters.
Lamium orientale (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) E.H.L. Krause (Wiedemannia orientalis Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) (find common name! - Oriental Dead-nettle?) 1916 General
Lamium purpureum L. (Red Dead-nettle) / General
Lamium hybridum Vill. (Cut-leaved Dead-nettle) / General
Lamium confertum Fr. (Northern Dead-nettle) 1907 General
Lamium amplexicaule L. (Henbit Dead-nettle) / General

GALEOPSIS L.

Galeopsis angustifolia Ehrh. ex Hoffm. (Red Hemp-nettle) General
Galeopsis ladanum L. (ssp. ladanum) (Broad-leaved Hemp-nettle) - [Sandwith, 1932] General
Galeopsis tetrahit L. (Common Hemp-nettle) - General
Galeopsis bifida Boenn. (Bifid Hemp-nettle) General

ELSHOLTZIA Willd.

Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyl. (Vietnamese Balm, Comb Mint - Wikipedia, Crested Late-summer-mint - GBIF) - [Sandwith, 1932 & Glos. Fl. as E. patrini] General

[Not sure if best placed here.]

PHLOMIS L.

Phlomis russeliana (Sims) Benth. (Turkish Sage) General
Phlomis fruticosa L. (Jerusalem Sage) General

SCUTELLARIA L.

Scutellaria galericulata L. (Skullcap) / Wetland
Scutellaria minor Huds. (Lesser Skullcap) Wetland

TEUCRIUM L.

Teucrium scorodonia L. (Wood Sage) / General
Teucrium chamaedrys L. (Wall Germander) General
Teucrium spinosum L. (Spiny Germander - gardenexplorer.org, Spinose Germander?) General
Teucrium resupinatum Desf. (Reversed Germander?) General

AMETHYSTEA L.

Amethystea caerulea L. (Blue Amethystea) - [Sandwith, 1932] General Extinct

[Not sure if best placed here.]

AJUGA L.

Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. (Ground-pine) - [Brist. Fl., Sandwith, 1932] General
Ajuga reptans L. (Bugle) / General

NEPETA L.

Nepeta cataria L. (Cat-mint) /- General Very Rare
Nepeta racemosa x N. nepetella = N. x *faassenii* Bergmans ex Stearn(Garden Cat-mint) / General
Nepeta racemosa Lam. (Eastern Cat-mint) - recorded as an escape along the River Avon Towpath at Bath in 2025 by Dave Pole [SRPG Newsletter 2025, p. 55] General

GLECHOMA L.

Glechoma hederacea L. (Ground-ivy) / General Common

PRUNELLA L.

Prunella vulgaris L. (Selfheal) / General Very Common Common in short grassy places including open grassland, old lawns, hedgebanks, open woods.
Prunella vulgaris x P. laciniata = P. x *intermedia* Link (Hybrid Selfheal) Grassland
Prunella laciniata (L.) L. (Cut-leaved Selfheal) Grassland

DRACOCEPHALUM L.

Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt. (American Dragon-head) - [Sandwith, 1932] General
Dracocephalum ibericum M. Bieb. (Iberian Dragon's-head?, Dragon's-head - Wikipedia) - [Sandwith, 1932 (as Lallemantia iberica)] General

SIDERITIS L.

Sideritis montana L. (Mountain Ironwort) - [Brist. Fl., Sandwith, 1932] General
Sideritis lanata L. (Hairy Ironwort - GBIF) - [Sandwith, 1932] General

MELISSA L.

Melissa officinalis L. (Balm) / General

CLINOPODIUM L.

Clinopodium ascendens (Jord.) Samp. (Common Calamint) / General
Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze ssp. spruneri (Boiss.) Bartolucci & F. Conti (Lesser Calamint) - BRLSI (as C. calamintha) General
Clinopodium vulgare L. (Wild Basil) / General
Clinopodium acinos (L.) Kuntze (Basil Thyme) / General

ORIGANUM L.

Origanum vulgare L. (Wild Marjoram) / General

THYMUS L.

Thymus pulegioides L. (Large Thyme) / Grassland
Thymus drucei Ronniger (T. praecox Opiz ssp. britannicus (Ronniger) Holub (Kew) T. polytrichus A. Kern. ex Borbás ssp. britannicus (Ronniger) Kerguélen (NBN) (Wild Thyme) / Grassland

LYCOPUS L.

Lycopus europaeus L. (Gypsywort) / Wetland

MENTHA L.

Mentha arvensis L. (Corn Mint) - General
Mentha arvensis x M. aquatica = M. x *verticillata* L. (Whorled Mint) - Wetland
Mentha arvensis x M. aquatica x M. spicata = M. x *smithiana* R.A. Graham (Tall Mint) 1973 /- Wetland
Mentha arvensis x M. spicata = M. x *gracilis* Sole (Bushy Mint) - BSBI records General
Mentha aquatica L. (Water Mint) / Wetland
Mentha aquatica x M. spicata = M. x *piperita* L. (Mentha x piperita L. ssp. piperita - NBN) (Peppermint) /- Wetland
Mentha spicata L. (Spear Mint) / General
Mentha spicata x M. longifolia = M. x *villosonervata* Opiz (Sharp-toothed Mint) - BSBI records General
Mentha spicata x M. suaveolens = M. x *villosa Huds. (var. alopecuroides* (Hull) Briq.? - Stace) (Apple-mint) General
Mentha longifolia x M. suaveolens = M. x *rotundifolia* (L.) Huds. (False Apple-mint) General
Mentha pulegium L. (Pennyroyal) 1949 /- General - [found as a likely introduction on Royal Portbury Dock Road in 2025 by P. Quinn (Nature in Avon in 2025, p. 193).]
Mentha requienii Benth. (Corsican Mint) General - BRLSI

ROSMARINUS L.

Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) / General Found self-seeding at the bases of walls. The trailing cultivar was found on the harbourside at Castle Park in 2023 by D. Peters.

SALVIA L.

Salvia sclarea L. (Clary) 1958 General
Salvia glutinosa L. (Sticky Clary) 1938 General
Salvia pratensis L. (ssp. pratensis) (Meadow Clary) 1919 General
Salvia verbenaca L. ssp. horminoides (Pourr.) Nyman (Wild Clary) / Grassland
Salvia officinalis L. (Sage) /- General
Salvia nemorosa L. (ssp. nemorosa? - Kew) (Balkan Clary) 1920 / General
Salvia reflexa Hornem. (Mintweed) General
Salvia viridis L. (Annual Clary) 1979 General
Salvia verticillata L. (ssp. verticillata - Kew) (Whorled Clary) 1967 / General

List:

Stachys byzantina K. Koch (Lamb's-ear) 1984 / General
Stachys germanica L. (ssp. germanica - Kew, GBIF) (Downy Woundwort) - [Sandwith, 1932] General
Stachys cretica L. ssp. salviifolia (Ten.) Rech. f. (Cretan Woundwort?, Cretan Hedge-nettle - GBIF, Mediterranean Woundwort - Cretan Flora) - [Sandwith, 1932 (as S. salviifolia)] General
Stachys sylvatica L. (Hedge Woundwort) / General
Stachys sylvatica L. var. subsericea Grogn. (Hedge Woundwort) General
Stachys sylvatica x S. palustris = S. x ambigua Sm. (Hybrid Woundwort) General
Stachys palustris L. (Marsh Woundwort) / Wetland
Stachys arvensis (L.) L. (Field Woundwort) / General
Stachys ocymastrum (L.) Briq. (Italian Hedgenettle - GBIF, Hairy Woundwort - MaltaWildPlants.com, PlantNet) - [Bristol Botany in 1935] General
Stachys recta L. (Perennial Yellow-woundwort) 1898 General
Stachys annua (L.) L. (Annual Yellow-woundwort) 1908 General
Betonica officinalis L. (Stace, Kew) (var. officinalis - NBN / ssp. officinalis - Kew) Stachys officinalis (L.) Trevis. (NBN) (Betony) / General
Ballota nigra L. ssp. meridionalis (Bég.) Bég. (Black Horehound) / General
Ballota nigra L. ssp. nigra - [Sandwith, 1932 (as var. mollissima)] General
Ballota nigra L. ssp. ruderalis (Sw.) Briq. - [Sandwith, 1932 (as B. ruderalis)] General
Marrubium vulgare L. (White Horehound) /- Grassland
Marrubium alysson L. - (Plaited-leaved White Horehound - Flora of Israel and adjacent areas, Alysson's Horehound?) - [Sandwith, 1932] General
Marrubium peregrinum L. (Mediterranean Horehound?) - [Sandwith, 1932] General
Leonurus cardiaca L. (Motherwort) 1926 General
Lamiastrum galeobdolon (L.) Ehrend. & Polatschek ssp. montanum (Pers.) Ehrend. & Polatschek (Yellow Archangel) / Woodland
Lamiastrum galeobdolon (L.) Ehrend. & Polatschek ssp. argentatum (Smejkal) Stace (Garden Yellow Archangel) / General
Lamium album L. (White Dead-nettle) / General
Lamium maculatum (L.) L. (Spotted Dead-nettle) - General
Lamium orientale (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) E.H.L. Krause (Kew, EDIT, GBIF) Wiedemannia orientalis Fisch. & C.A. Mey. (old name) (find common name! - Oriental Dead-nettle?) 1916 General
Lamium purpureum L. (Red Dead-nettle) / General
Lamium hybridum Vill. (Cut-leaved Dead-nettle) / General
Lamium confertum Fr. (Northern Dead-nettle) 1907 General
Lamium amplexicaule L. (Henbit Dead-nettle) / General
Galeopsis angustifolia Ehrh. ex Hoffm. (Red Hemp-nettle) General
Galeopsis ladanum L. (ssp. ladanum - Kew, GBIF) (Broad-leaved Hemp-nettle) - [Sandwith, 1932] General
Galeopsis tetrahit L. (Common Hemp-nettle) - General
Galeopsis bifida Boenn. (Bifid Hemp-nettle) General
Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyl. (Vietnamese Balm, Comb Mint - Wikipedia, Crested Late-summer-mint - GBIF) - [Sandwith, 1932 & Glos. Fl. as E. patrini] General
Phlomis russeliana (Sims) Benth. (Turkish Sage) General
Phlomis fruticosa L. (Jerusalem Sage) General
Scutellaria galericulata L. (Skullcap) / Wetland
Scutellaria minor Huds. (Lesser Skullcap) Wetland
Teucrium scorodonia L. (Wood Sage) / General
Teucrium chamaedrys L. (Wall Germander) General
Teucrium spinosum L. (Spiny Germander - gardenexplorer.org, Spinose Germander?) General
Teucrium resupinatum Desf. (Reversed Germander?) General
Amethystea caerulea L. (Blue Amethystea - GBIF) - [Sandwith, 1932] General
Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. (Ground-pine) - [Brist. Fl., Sandwith, 1932] General
Ajuga reptans L. (Bugle) / General
Nepeta cataria L. (Cat-mint) /- General
Nepeta racemosa x N. nepetella = N. x faassenii Bergmans ex Stearn(Garden Cat-mint) / General
Nepeta racemosa Lam. (Eastern Cat-mint) - recorded as an escape along the River Avon Towpath at Bath in 2025 by Dave Pole [SRPG Newsletter 2025, p. 55] General
Glechoma hederacea L. (Ground-ivy) / General
Prunella vulgaris L. (Selfheal) / General
Prunella vulgaris x P. laciniata = P. x intermedia Link (Hybrid Selfheal) Grassland
Prunella laciniata (L.) L. (Cut-leaved Selfheal) Grassland
Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt. (American Dragon-head) - [Sandwith, 1932] General
Dracocephalum ibericum M. Bieb. (Iberian Dragon's-head?, Dragon's-head - Wikipedia) - [Sandwith, 1932 (as Lallemantia iberica)] General
Sideritis montana L. (Mountain Ironwort) - [Brist. Fl., Sandwith, 1932] General
Sideritis lanata L. (Hairy Ironwort - GBIF) - [Sandwith, 1932] General
Melissa officinalis L. (Balm) / General
Clinopodium ascendens (Jord.) Samp. (Common Calamint) / General
Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze ssp. spruneri (Boiss.) Bartolucci & F. Conti (Lesser Calamint) - BRLSI (as C. calamintha) General
Clinopodium vulgare L. (Wild Basil) / General
Clinopodium acinos (L.) Kuntze (Basil Thyme) / General
Origanum vulgare L. (Wild Marjoram) / General
Thymus pulegioides L. (Large Thyme) / Grassland
Thymus drucei Ronniger (Stace) Thymus praecox Opiz ssp. britannicus (Ronniger) Holub (Kew) Thymus polytrichus A. Kern. ex Borbás ssp. britannicus (Ronniger) Kerguélen (NBN) (Wild Thyme) / Grassland
Lycopus europaeus L. (Gypsywort) / Wetland
Mentha arvensis L. (Corn Mint) - General
Mentha arvensis x M. aquatica = M. x verticillata L. (Whorled Mint) - Wetland
Mentha arvensis x M. aquatica x M. spicata = (Stace, NBN) M. x smithiana R.A. Graham (Tall Mint) 1973 /- Wetland
Mentha arvensis x M. spicata = M. x gracilis Sole (Bushy Mint) - BSBI records General
Mentha aquatica L. (Water Mint) / Wetland
Mentha aquatica x M. spicata = M. x piperita L. (Mentha x piperita L. ssp. piperita - NBN) (Peppermint) /- Wetland
Mentha spicata L. (Spear Mint) / General
Mentha spicata x M. longifolia = M. x villosonervata Opiz (Sharp-toothed Mint) - BSBI records General
Mentha spicata x M. suaveolens = M. x villosa Huds. (var. alopecuroides (Hull) Briq.? - Stace) (Apple-mint) General
Mentha longifolia x M. suaveolens = M. x rotundifolia (L.) Huds. (False Apple-mint) General
Mentha pulegium L. (Pennyroyal) 1949 /- General - [found as a likely introduction on Royal Portbury Dock Road in 2025 by P. Quinn (Nature in Avon in 2025, p. 193).]
Mentha requienii Benth. (Corsican Mint) General - BRLSI
Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) / General
Salvia sclarea L. (Clary) 1958 General
Salvia glutinosa L. (Sticky Clary) 1938 General
Salvia pratensis L. (ssp. pratensis - Kew) (Meadow Clary) 1919 General
Salvia verbenaca L. (ssp. horminoides (Pourr.) Nyman - Stace, NBN) (Wild Clary) / Grassland
Salvia officinalis L. (Sage) /- General
Salvia nemorosa L. (ssp. nemorosa? - Kew) (Balkan Clary) 1920 / General
Salvia reflexa Hornem. (Mintweed) General
Salvia viridis L. (Annual Clary) 1979 General
Salvia verticillata L. (ssp. verticillata - Kew) (Whorled Clary) 1967 / General

Species to add:

Stachys germanica L. (ssp. germanica - Kew, GBIF) (Downy Woundwort) - [Sandwith, 1932] /
Stachys cretica L. ssp. salviifolia (Ten.) Rech. f. (Cretan Woundwort?, Cretan Hedge-nettle - GBIF, Mediterranean Woundwort - Cretan Flora) - [Sandwith, 1932 (as S. salviifolia)] /
Stachys sylvatica L. var. subsericea Grogn. (Hedge Woundwort) /
Stachys ocymastrum (L.) Briq. (Italian Hedgenettle - GBIF, Hairy Woundwort - MaltaWildPlants.com, PlantNet) - [Bristol Botany in 1935] /
Ballota nigra L. ssp. nigra - [Sandwith, 1932 (as var. mollissima)] /
Ballota nigra L. ssp. ruderalis (Sw.) Briq. - [Sandwith, 1932 (as B. ruderalis)] /
Marrubium alysson L. - (Plaited-leaved White Horehound - Flora of Israel and adjacent areas, Alysson's Horehound?) - [Sandwith, 1932] /
Marrubium peregrinum L. (Mediterranean Horehound?) - [Sandwith, 1932] /
Galeopsis ladanum L. (ssp. ladanum - Kew, GBIF) (Broad-leaved Hemp-nettle) - [Sandwith, 1932] /
Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyl. (Vietnamese Balm, Comb Mint - Wikipedia, Crested Late-summer-mint - GBIF) - [Sandwith, 1932 & Glos. Fl. as E. patrini] /
Phlomis russeliana (Sims) Benth. (Turkish Sage) /
Phlomis fruticosa L. (Jerusalem Sage) /
Teucrium spinosum L. (Spiny Germander - gardenexplorer.org, Spinose Germander?) /
Teucrium resupinatum Desf. (Reversed Germander?) /
Amethystea caerulea L. (Blue Amethystea - GBIF) - [Sandwith, 1932] /
Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. (Ground-pine) - [Brist. Fl., Sandwith, 1932] /
Nepeta racemosa Lam. (Eastern Cat-mint) - recorded as an escape along the River Avon Towpath at Bath in 2025 by Dave Pole [SRPG Newsletter 2025, p. 55] /
Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt. (American Dragon-head) - [Sandwith, 1932] /
Dracocephalum ibericum M. Bieb. (Iberian Dragon's-head?, Dragon's-head - Wikipedia) - [Sandwith, 1932 (as Lallemantia iberica)] /
Sideritis montana L. (Mountain Ironwort) - [Brist. Fl., Sandwith, 1932] /
Sideritis lanata L. (Hairy Ironwort - GBIF) - [Sandwith, 1932] /
Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze ssp. spruneri (Boiss.) Bartolucci & F. Conti (Lesser Calamint) - BRLSI (as C. calamintha) /
Mentha arvensis x M. spicata = M. x gracilis Sole (Bushy Mint) - BSBI records /
Mentha spicata x M. longifolia = M. x villosonervata Opiz (Sharp-toothed Mint) - BSBI records /
Mentha longifolia x M. suaveolens = M. x rotundifolia (L.) Huds. (False Apple-mint) /

Lamium purpureum white form - BRLSI