65.) LAMIACEAE - Dead-nettle family - Pages

65.) LAMIACEAE - Dead-nettle family

LAMIACEAE - Dead-nettle family

STACHYS L.

Stachys byzantina K. Koch (Lamb's-ear) 1984 / General Scarce Widely grown in gardens and often escapes onto pavements and other nearby ground.
Stachys germanica L. (ssp. germanica) (Downy Woundwort) - [Sandwith, 1932] General Extinct Recorded from a fowl-run at Kingswood in 1917 and Baptist Mills, Bristol in 1931 by C.I. Sandwith.
Stachys cretica L. ssp. salviifolia (Ten.) Rech. f. (Cretan Woundwort?, Cretan Hedge-nettle - GBIF, Mediterranean Woundwort - Cretan Flora) - [Sandwith, 1932 (as S. salviifolia)] General Extinct A native of southern Europe; recorded at St Philip's Marsh in 1919 by G.C. Druce (as S. salviifolia).
Stachys sylvatica L. (Hedge Woundwort) / General Very Common Common and conspicuous on hedgebanks, road verges, woodland, river banks, churchyards, shaded gardens and occasionally at the bases of walls.
var. sylvatica General The nominate plant with the same range and distribution as the species.
var. subsericea Grogn. General A distinctively downy form with smaller leaves (about 4.5 x 3 cm). First discovered locally at Peasedown St. John, North Somerset in 2000s by ? [BSBI record] and found for the first time in the north of the region in a small paddock adjacent to the M32 close to Avon Wildlife Trust’s Grow Wilder site in Stapleton in 2021 by G. Balfry and S. Waycott and later encountered that same year at Ashton Court and again by the Begbrook bus stop close to the original site in 2024.

[Also recorded near North Wraxall in 2010s by ? - BSBI record. Is it within the region?]

Stachys sylvatica x S. palustris = S. x *ambigua* Sm. (Hybrid Woundwort) General Wetland A rare and sporadic hybrid; occurring where both parents meet. First recorded in our region from Castle Hill, Walton-in-Gordano in 1915 by E. Ellman.
Stachys palustris L. (Marsh Woundwort) / Wetland Uncommon Widespread in damp marshy places such as along the banks of watercourses and around the margins of ponds and reservoirs. It is particularly plentiful around Blagdon and Chew Valley Lakes. First recorded in our region from St Anne's Wood, Brislington in 1834 by Bristol antiquarian, G.W. Braikenridge.

A record of particular interest is where it appeared where top soil was cleared in the front garden of J. Mortin in around 2013 and grows prolifically.

Stachys arvensis (L.) L. (Field Woundwort) / General Rare A much declined plant of arable fields and other disturbed ground. A record of particular interest was made of a single plant at the base of a wall on Phoenix Grove, Goldenhill, Bristol on Christmas Day in 2025 by D. Peters, possibly arising as a birdseed alien.
Stachys ocymastrum (L.) Briq. (Italian Hedgenettle - GBIF, Hairy Woundwort - MaltaWildPlants.com, PlantNet) - [Bristol Botany in 1935] General Extinct A native of the Mediterranean; recorded at Bristol in 1935 by C.I. Sandwith (Bristol Botany in 1935) - a first and only record for the British Isles.

[Find out exactly where as it does not say.]

Stachys recta L. (Perennial Yellow-woundwort) 1898 General Extinct Recorded as a casual at Portishead in 1898 by Miss Walker in Rep. B.E.C., 1923 (Sandwith, 1932).
Stachys annua (L.) L. (Annual Yellow-woundwort) 1908 General Extinct Formerly a rare casual of working yards. Recorded at St. Philips Marsh in 1916 by C.I. Sandwith; at Avonmouth Docks in 1931 by C.I. Sandwith and H.J. Gibbons [BMAG]; and again in 1938 by ? [BMAG].

BETONICA L.

Betonica officinalis L. (ssp. officinalis) (Stachys officinalis (L.) Trevis.) (Betony) / General Uncommon A plant of species-rich grassland, hedgebanks, and along open woodland rides and clearings. It has declined quite drastically, particularly in the north of the region but remains concentrated in the south. First recorded locally from St Anne's Wood, Brislington in 1834 by Bristol antiquarian G.W. Braikenridge.

BALLOTA L.

Ballota nigra L.(Black Horehound) / General Uncommon Well-distributed over the region but appears to have declined though remains more frequent in the south-east of the region. Found in open woodland, hedgebanks, road verges, dry scrubby slopes, and around stiles; often associated with habitation. It has a distinctive and unpleasant smell.
ssp. nigra - [Sandwith, 1932 (as var. mollissima)] General Extinct Recorded at St Phillips Marsh in 1916 by C.I. Sandwith and on waste ground at Ashton Gate in 1928 by C.I. Sandwith (as var. mollissima).

[Check 1916 record as not mentioned in Sandwith, 1932.]

ssp. meridionalis (Bég.) Bég. General Uncommon The native plant to which most records refer.
ssp. ruderalis (Sw.) Briq. - [Sandwith, 1932 (as B. ruderalis)] General Extinct Recorded at St Phillips Marsh in 1916 by C.I. Sandwith and T.H. Green; at Avonmouth Docks in 1932 by C.I. Sandwith; and at Portishead Dock in 1932 by E. Ellman and C.I. Sandwith.

MARRUBIUM L.

Marrubium vulgare L. (White Horehound) /- Grassland Very Rare A very rare plant of open rocky and sandy ground; predominantly on Carboniferous limestone. Only recently recorded from ST66J in 2000s by ? [BSBI record]. This species has not been recorded from any of its localities mentioned in the Flora of the Bristol Region (2000) in recent years including: Purn Hill, Worlebury Hill, Loxton, Walton Common, Steep Holm and is feared lost. This is perhaps due to inappropriate land management and scrub encroachment. Special efforts should be made to see if it can be refound.

1977 ST345572 Hellenge Hill - AWT Reserve Pinches Mr.A. Andy 1977 ST360585 Lower Canada Combe Bristol Naturalists' Society 1984 ST3656 Shiplate Wood Weeks - John 1984 ST371562 Loxton Hill Cropper S Robert 1985 ST346631 Worle Hill McDonnell - Liz 1985 ST332574 Purn Hill Roe Capt. R G. 1987 ST373561 Loxton, inc. Quarry Area Coles, Mr A. 2015 ST633765 Oldbury Court Comont Mr Richard

[2015 record unreliable - probably a mistake for Teucrium scorodonia]

Marrubium alysson L. - (Plaited-leaved White Horehound - Flora of Israel and adjacent areas, Alysson's Horehound?) - [Sandwith, 1932] General Extinct A native of the Mediterranean; recorded at Eastville in 1917 by C.I. Sandwith.
Marrubium peregrinum L. (Mediterranean Horehound?) - [Sandwith, 1932] General Extinct A native of eastern Europe and west Asia; recorded at Portishead in 1895 by Miss Walker (Sandwith, 1932).

LEONURUS L.

Leonurus cardiaca L. (Motherwort) 1926 General Very Rare A very rare casual of disturbed ground. Recently recorded at Avonmouth in 2010 by ?; on Hawthorn Grove, Combe Down, Bath in 2019 by sulisminerva [CNC record]; and a single plant was found growing out of the wall of St Michael's Church on Watery Lane, Twerton, Bath in 2025 by ? [BSBI records]. Historically much more common when it was cultivated by herbalists for its supposed cardiac properties. First recorded in our region on "Waste ground, Bristol, June, 1799; Dawson Turner and James Sowerby" (White, 1912).

[2019 record needs checking.]

LAMIASTRUM Heist. ex Fabr.

Lamiastrum galeobdolon (L.) Ehrend. & Polatschek (Yellow Archangel) / Woodland Frequent Widespread and locally frequent in ancient woodland, old hedgebanks and shady road verges but absent from the coastal lowlands and the North Somerset Levels and Moors. It has declined. First recorded locally from St Anne's Wood, Brislington in 1834 by Bristol Antiquarian G.W. Braikenridge. White (1912) and Riddelsdell (1948) give Weasel-snout as an alternative name.
ssp. montanum (Pers.) Ehrend. & Polatschek / Woodland Frequent The native plant of damp woods and hedgebanks.
ssp. argentatum (Smejkal) Stace (Garden Yellow Archangel) / General Frequent A frequent introduction with silvery-white blotched leaves; now found widely established on road verges, in urban woods and on hedgebanks where it has largely replaced the native plant.

LAMIUM L.

Lamium album L. (White Dead-nettle) / General Very Common A very common and ubiquitous species, found in all manner of urban and rural places but usually always sheltered spots such as hedgebanks, open woods and at the bases of walls, and seemingly always following where foot fall is prevalent such as besides paths and field entrances. First recorded locally from St Anne's Wood, Brislington in 1834 by Bristol antiquarian G.W. Braikenridge.
Lamium orvala L. (Balm-leaved Archangel) General Very Rare Recorded at St Mary's churchyard, Walcot, Bath in 2019 by ? [CNC record].

[Check this record.]

Lamium maculatum (L.) L. (Spotted Dead-nettle) - General Scarce A scattered introduction, found as a garden escape and established on road verges, hedgebanks and other disturbed ground; often close to habitation. "A rare modification of the plant is the var. laevigatum with pale, unspotted foliage. This we have at the Leigh Woods locality." (White, 1912). It is no longer recognised today.
Lamium orientale (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) E.H.L. Krause (Wiedemannia orientalis Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) (find common name! - Oriental Dead-nettle?) 1916 General Very Rare A native of the eastern Mediterranean; recorded at St Philip's Marsh in 1916 by M. Cobbe and at Portishead in 1916 by Miss Livett (Sandwith, 1932).

[Rupert said he's seen it somewhere.]

Lamium purpureum L. (var. purpureum) (Red Dead-nettle) / General Very Common Abundant and ubiquitous wherever the ground is subject to disturbance from cultivation, mowing and foot fall; particularly in gardens, parks, allotments, road verges, amenity spaces and arable fields. It is one of the most prevalent species recorded during the New Year Plant Hunt. White forms occasionally occur but are rare. The var. decipiens mentioned in past texts is no longer recognised. It differed in having proportionally longer leaves and rings of hairs inside the corolla tube.

[Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2.: 649 (1844) 'folia inaequaliter incisa-crenata, fere ut in antecedente, sed longiora ratione latitudinis et tubus corollae intus piloso-annulatus ut in illa' (The leaves are unevenly incised-crenate, almost as in the preceding one, but longer in proportion to the width and the corolla tube is hairy-annulated inside.)]

Lamium hybridum Vill. (Cut-leaved Dead-nettle) / General Scarce A scarce species in our region. Found in all manner of disturbed and cultivated places, often besides Red Dead-nettle - from which it differs in its more deeply incised leaves.
Lamium confertum Fr. (Northern Dead-nettle) 1907 General Extinct Recorded at Hallatrow in 1916 and at the foot of Uphill Rocks, North Somerset in 1922 by C.I. Sandwith.

[Where is the 1907 record?]

Lamium amplexicaule L. (Henbit Dead-nettle) / General Scarce Widely scattered over the region in cultivated and bare open disturbed places such as brownfield sites, pavements, spoil heaps, newly made ground, arable fields, railway sidings, and sometimes exposed hedgebanks and grassland. This species is predominantly cleistogamous (producing small self-fertile flowers) in our region.

GALEOPSIS L.

Galeopsis angustifolia Ehrh. ex Hoffm. (Red Hemp-nettle) General Very Rare A very rare plant of disturbed ground. Only encountered twice since the turn of the century - from Charlton fields and old cement workings, Wooscombe in 2001 by J. Aldridge where he first discovered it in 1985; and at Uphill in 2008 by R. Smith. Records of G. ladanum mentioned in past texts refer here. First recorded locally from "St. Vincent's Rocks; Shiercliff's Guide (1789)." White (1912).

[I'm dubious of the 2008 record.]

1985 ST749604 South Stoke, Hodshill Lane, cornfield, rubbish tip R.D. Randall 1985 ST750603 Upper Midford & Cambrook Randall D Rob 2008 ST315581 Uphill LNR Smith Mr Richie 1999 ST441610 Brinsea Batch Grant Ms.S. Sue 1991-1992 ST524767 Lamplighters West Ruston Mr R Roger 1992-1994 ST5276 Lamplighters Marsh, Shirehampton - paddock outside Lamplighter's Pub to the Avon Bridge, & from Avon river bank to the railway. Ruston - Roge

Galeopsis ladanum L. (ssp. ladanum) (Broad-leaved Hemp-nettle) - [Sandwith, 1932] General Extinct A native of Continental Europe; recorded at Avonmouth Docks in 1931 by C.I. Sandwith and I.W. Evans (as G. ladanum var. intermedia) [BMAG].
Galeopsis tetrahit L. (Common Hemp-nettle) - General Uncommon Widely scattered over the region in cultivated and disturbed places, along open woodland rides and clearings, hedgebanks and road verges. First recorded locally from St Anne's Wood, Brislington in 1834 by Bristol antiquarian G.W. Braikenridge.
Galeopsis bifida Boenn. (Bifid Hemp-nettle) General Scarce Thinly scattered over the region in much the same habitats as G. tetrahit but appears to have a preference for marshy grassland and ditch-sides. It is probably overlooked for the previous species from which it is easily recognised by its distinctive notch to the lower lip of the corolla.

ELSHOLTZIA Willd.

Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyl. (Vietnamese Balm, Comb Mint - Wikipedia, Crested Late-summer-mint - GBIF) - [Sandwith, 1932 & Glos. Fl. as E. patrini] General Extinct A native of East Asia; recorded at Avonmouth Docks in 1930 by C.I. Sandwith (as E. patrini) [BMAG].

[Not sure if best placed here.]

PHLOMIS L.

Phlomis russeliana (Sims) Benth. (Turkish Sage) General Very Rare Widely grown in planting displays and occasionally escapes. First recorded at Royal Victoria Park, Bath in 2019 by Kingsmead emmac27 [CNC record]; a clump was found on a grass bank outside The Old Library, Muller Road, Eastville, Bristol in 2023 by D. Peters; one plant on the edge of a cycle path, against the fence of an industrial estate at Colliers Way, Radstock in 2024 by ? [BSBI records]; another was found growing in a compost heap area under trees at Ashton Court Estate in 2024 by ? [BSBI records]; and a single clump was found self-seeded from a nearby flower bed on the harbourside at Castle Park in 2025 by D. Peters.

[2019 record needs checking.]

Phlomis fruticosa L. (Jerusalem Sage) General Very Rare Widely planted in public planting displays and rarely escaping. First recorded on Little Stony Leas, Stoke Gifford in 2019 by stevegodbold [CNC record]; a self-seeded plant was found growing on a stone wall outside the Physic Garden at Castle Park in 2022 by D. Peters; and two large clumps were found spreading from an adjacent garden on a pavement on Eastfield Avenue, Weston, Bath in 2023 by ? [BSBI record].

[Check 2019 record.]

SCUTELLARIA L.

Scutellaria altissima L. (Somerset Skullcap) Very Rare A very rare introduction. Recorded at Downleaze, Stoke Bishop, Bristol in 2010 by C. & M.A.R. Kitchen; at Yate in 2010s by ? [BSBI record]; and at Bath City Farm, Twerton in 2018 by ? [more recent record from same area on BSBI]. Not native to Britain but so named because it has long been known from the Somerset area.
Scutellaria galericulata L. (Skullcap) / Wetland Uncommon Widespread and localised along the banks of rivers and rhynes, on pond margins and in wet woodland; predominantly on the North Somerset Levels and Moors, being more scattered elsewhere.
Scutellaria minor Huds. (Lesser Skullcap) Wetland Extinct This species persisted for a time in a small boggy area on Rodway Hill where it was first recorded by "persons quite ignorant of their value" in 1905 (White, 1912) and was last seen in 1993 by C. & M.A.R. Kitchen.

TEUCRIUM L.

Teucrium scorodonia L. (Wood Sage) / General Uncommon Locally frequent in dry woodland, open scrub, commons, heaths, rocky slopes and hedgebanks on acidic and carboniferous limestone soils. It is particularly abundant in the Avon Gorge. The apparent decline may be an artifact of a lack of organised surveys rather than a genuine decrease.
Teucrium chamaedrys L. (Wall Germander) General Very Rare Established in a patch of rocky grassland at Sand Point, where it was first recorded in 1967 by R.G.B. & I.G. Roe. Also found on a wall of a churchyard at Saltford in 1999 by D. French. More recently a clump was found in the grounds of the roofless church of St Peter, Castle Park, Bristol in 2023 by D. Peters. Historical records include: "Shirehampton, August, 1839; Miss Waring in Herb. Powell. Blaise Castle, 1840; S. the Combe valley, Henbury; A. Worsley in Herb. Watson...By a roadside near Tickenham; Rev. G. W. Braikenridge's List. Tickenham near Clevedon, July, 1863; Herb. Flower. Dry slope beyond Clevedon Court towards Tickenham, 1884; Miss Livett. 'I have a specimen of Teucrium chaemadrys from Tickenham Hill, brought to me in July, 1883, by Dr. Davis of Clevedon, who then told me that the plant had very much diminished in quantity since he first knew it, very little of it being left. I searched for it subsequently at the spot described by Dr. Davis, on more than one occasion I believe, but in vain; and I fear it has long since become extinct. If Dr. Davis was right in regarding it as having been derived from the garden of a monastery which once occupied a site on Tickenham Hill, the Teucrium was an interesting relic of medieval times' - D. Fry, 1904. The Wall Germander is included in a list of plants observed on Steep Holm, 1877 and 1883, by Mr. John Storrie of the Cardiff Museum." (White, 1912).
Teucrium spinosum L. (Spiny Germander - gardenexplorer.org, Spinose Germander?) General Extinct A native of the Mediterranean; recorded in a fowl-run at Baptist Mills, Bristol in 1925 by C.I. Sandwith - a first and only record for the British Isles.
Teucrium resupinatum Desf. (Reversed Germander?) General Extinct A native of Spain and north-west Africa; recorded in a fowl-run at Baptist Mills, Bristol in 1925 by C.I. Sandwith - also a first and only record for the British Isles. It seems a coincidence that these two were recorded at the same time and place but they were.
Teucrium scordium L. (Water Germander) Wetland Very Rare Recorded at Walton Common in 2008 by J. Smith.

[No doubt a mistake for T. scorodonia.]

Teucrium botrys L. (Cut-leaved Germander) General Very Rare Recorded at Puxton Moor in 2005 by B.B. Samphire.

[No doubt a mistake - get rid! I wonder if it may have been Verbena officinalis which it superficially resembles.]

AMETHYSTEA L.

Amethystea caerulea L. (Blue Amethystea) - [Sandwith, 1932] General Extinct A native of the Mediterranean; recorded at Avonmouth Docks in 1930 by C.I. Sandwith [BMAG].

[Not sure if best placed here.]

AJUGA L.

Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. (ssp. chamaepitys) (Ground-pine) - [Brist. Fl., Sandwith, 1932] General Extinct This nationally rare native confined to a few spots in south-east England occurred on two occasions as a casual in our area. "One plant on dredgings deposited in the Black Rock Quarry, August, 1883. One on rubbish tipped in St. Philip's Marsh, Bristol, September, 1887." (White, 1912).
Ajuga reptans L. (Bugle) / General Frequent Widespread and locally frequent in ancient woodland, damp species-rich grassland, old hedgebanks and road verges; predominantly on clay soils and absent from the North Somerset Levels and Moors and the coastal lowlands. The cultivar 'Black Scallop' with chocolate-brown coloured leaves, is widely grown in gardens and occasionally escapes. This has been encountered on several occasions around Bristol by D. Peters: at Horfield Parish Churchyard in 2021; close by at the base of a wall on Wellington Hill in 2024; and at the base of a wall on Surrey Road, St Andrews in 2026. Bugle was first recorded locally from St Anne's Wood, Brislington in 1834 by G.W. Braikenridge. According to White (1912) "The white-flowered plant is not rare...I have seen it...on the Somerset side in Leigh Wood, in a wood between Abbotsleigh and Failand, and in Weston Big Wood between Portishead and Clevedon....; and Miss Roper from Limeridge Wood in 1905".

NEPETA L.

Nepeta cataria L. (Cat-mint) /- General Very Rare A very rare plant of disturbed places on light soils. Only recorded twice since the turn of the century - from Sand Bay in 2005 by E.J. McDonnell and eight plants were recorded on an ex-roadwork site on Horfield Common, Bristol in 2023 by D. Peters - the first time this species had been recorded in Bristol for 91 years! Historically this species was much more prevalent on limestone slopes, hedgebanks and tips. The earliest record in our region was made from Wyck Cliffs by the Rev. George Swayne (Withering, 1796). This is the main plant used for cat-nip.

8 records 1914 27/07/1914 ST6569 near Keynsham Sandwith I Cecil 9526 1934 21/08/1934 ST5671 Noted as waste ground, Ashton Gate, Bristol Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery - - 2912 1985 04/09/1985 ST738721 Tog Hill, BS30 Woodman, Mr J.P. 1986 13/08/1986 ST738721 Tog Hill, BS30 Hedley Mr. S. M. Stuart 20 1988 18/09/1988 ST4474 In Weston Lodge area, Weston-in-Gordano Cropper S Robert 259 1992 Apr May July 1992 ST784602 Freshford Quinn - Phil 32 1996 1996 ST4474 Weston-in-Gordano Greenway, C.

Nepeta racemosa x N. nepetella = N. x *faassenii* Bergmans ex Stearn (Garden Cat-mint) / General Very Rare Widely grown for ornament and occasionally escapes and persists as a planted relic or garden outcast. Most concentrated along the grass banks of the Marine Parade, Weston-super-Mare. First recorded locally on waste ground at Bristol in 1928 by G.C. Druce.

14 records 1986 1986 ST559568 Ridge Avon Flora Project 2389 1992 19/04/1992 ST326609 Weston Super Mare, Ellenborough Park, recreation grounds, railway area Randall D Rob 55 1992 21/03/1992 ST330638 North Somerset, Kewstoke Randall D Rob 55 1995 30/07/1995 ST331648 Sand Bay, comments may have more precise location details. Location is as given to BRERC as part of large dataset Green Mr P Ian 840 1998 1998 ST331644 Kewstoke Green, Mr I., Green, Mr P. 1998 16/05/1998 ST331644 Kewstoke, comments may have more precise location details. Location is as given to BRERC as part of large dataset Green Mr P Ian 840 1998 16/05/1998 ST331644 Kewstoke, comments may have more precise location details. Location is as given to BRERC as part of large dataset Green Mr R Paul 839 2007 04/10/2007 ST331646 Sand Bay dunes, Kewstoke Webster Mrs Margaret 3012 2007 04/10/2007 ST331655 Sand Bay, comments may have more precise location details. Location is as given to BRERC as part of large dataset Crouch Dr Helena J 1568 2009 07/09/2009 ST331648 Sand Bay, comments may have more precise location details. Location is as given to BRERC as part of large dataset Crouch Dr Helena J 1568 2010 31/05/2010 ST3364 Sand Bay Martin P John 249 2013 08/06/2013 ST736640 Linear Park, Bath, central site grid reference Mortin Dr Jon 2570 2013 08/06/2013 ST736640 Linear Park, Bath Mortin Dr Jon 2570 2018 24/10/2018 ST5686773876 College Road area, Clifton lucymottram - CNC records - - 19068

Nepeta racemosa Lam. (Eastern Cat-mint) General Very Rare Differs from N. x faassenii by the presence of exserted (rather than contained) stamens and cordate leaves (truncate to broadly cuneate in N. x faassenii) which are broader in relation to the length. Found at ST57T in 2010s by ? [BSBI record]; self-seeded on cobbles near its planted source at Bathurst Basin, Bristol Harbour, and below a planter in the grounds of the Ardargh, Horfield Common, Bristol in 2025 by D. Peters; and recorded as an escape along the River Avon Towpath at Bath in 2025 by D. Pole.

[Dave Pole's record in SRPG Newsletter 2025, p. 55]

GLECHOMA L.

Glechoma hederacea L. (Ground-ivy) / General Common Common throughout the region on hedgebanks, in open woodland, scrub, brownfield sites, rough grassland and on old walls. A variegated form has become a popular feature of planters and hanging baskets in recent years. "A form with pinkish-white flowers marked with red is on the high ground by Blaise Castle." (White, 1912). The var. parviflora which "Differs from the type by its much smaller flowers, the corolla tube only equalling the calyx; the smaller and more acute calyx-teeth; and subglabrous foliage with more deeply incised teeth. The flowers are often functionally unisexual on account of abortive anthers." (White, 1912). It is rarely recognised today. Run-away-Jack-and-Jill is a local Gloucestershire name (Riddelsdell, 1948). It appears to have declined but this could be partly down to the lack of organised surveys.

PRUNELLA L.

Prunella vulgaris L. (Selfheal) / General Very Common Common throughout the region in short grassy places, including open grassland, old lawns, hedgebanks, open woods, sand dunes and brownfield sites. "The white-flowered form with pale foliage (permanent) has been noted (G.) in a peaty field near Filton, 1852; Herb. Cundall; near Siston; Misses Cundall; near Patchway and between that place and Over; by Oldbury Court on the left bank of the Frome; Miss Roper; on Tytherington Hill; and on hillsides above Hillsley; and (S.) in the short turf of the coast downs between Clevedon and Walton Bay; and in Greyfield Wood, Hallatrow. The corolla in this variation is snow-white, never cream-coloured as with the next species [P. laciniata]". (White, 1912). Riddelsdell (1948) gives Carpenter's Herb and Fly Flowers as local Gloucestershire names. The name Self-heal derives from its historical use in traditional medicines, curing a wide variety of ailments.
Prunella vulgaris x P. laciniata = P. x *intermedia Link (Hybrid Selfheal) Grassland Very Rare Very rare in the vicinity of the parent plants. Only recently recorded from a dry Carboniferous limestone slope at Grovesend Quarry, Tytherington, where it was first discovered in 1990 by R.S. Cropper and most recently seen in 2004 by C. & M.A.R. Kitchen; and from Lower Hazel Down / Strode Common [check spelling as says Stroud on records given], Alveston where it was discovered in 2001 by R.J. Lloyd and last seen there in 2009 by C. & M.A.R. Kitchen. Also found at ST77F in 2020s by ? [BSBI record]. What is undoubtedly this hybrid is mentioned in White (1912): "Mrs. Gregory, who is familiar with P. laciniata on the Mendips, has found growing with the type a small patch of plants bearing bluish-purple flowers which do not show the least difference in structural characters. Although frequent with the common Self-heal, a colour variation with laciniata appears to be quite rare...I see in them pure P. laciniata* without trace of hybridity, and decidedly no 'intermediate' in a structural sense".
Prunella laciniata (L.) L. (Cut-leaved Selfheal) Grassland Very Rare Very rare in Carboniferous limestone grassland of the Tytherington ridge, south-west of Tytherington village, where it was first discovered "In some quantity, looking perfectly native, with thyme on a stony piece of down where the turf is very short; limestone down, south of the camp, Tytherington, 1946, F.B.A. Welch" (Riddelsdell, 1948) and last seen here in 2004 by C. & M.A.R. Kitchen. Otherwise found about 3 km to the east of here at Lower Hazel Down / Strode Common, Alveston where it was first discovered in 1998 by J.P. Martin and R.J. Higgins and recently seen in 2025 by ?. Also found at Langridge, B&NES [BANES!] in 2000 by D. MacIntire, and recently seen in 2010s by ? [BSBI record]. Formerly undoubted as a native, this species is now considered to be a relatively modern introduction, possibly coming in with fodder or animal feed. It was even valued enough to be given space for an illustration in White (1912).

DRACOCEPHALUM L.

Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt. (American Dragon-head) - [Sandwith, 1932] General Extinct A native of North America; recorded at Eastville in 1918; at St Philip's Marsh in 1923; and Avonmouth Docks in 1928 by C.I. Sandwith [BMAG]; and there again in 1931 by ? [BMAG].
Dracocephalum ibericum M. Bieb. (Iberian Dragon's-head?, Dragon's-head - Wikipedia) - [Sandwith, 1932 (as Lallemantia iberica)] General Extinct A native of the Middle East; recorded at St Philip's Marsh in 1919 by M. Cobbe (as Lallemantia iberica), teste A. Thellung.

SIDERITIS L.

Sideritis montana L. (ssp. montana) (Mountain Ironwort) - [Brist. Fl., Sandwith, 1932] General Extinct A native of southern Europe and temperate Asia; "An attractive little Labiate, with small bright yellow flowers deeply sunk in larger calyces...In some quantity on the West Hill, Wraxall, with other foreigners. Forwarded to me (1910) by Miss Agnes Fry and J. W. Eves...Wapping Wharf, Bristol Harbour, 1911...Miss Roper" (White, 1912); St Philip's Marsh in 1915 by C.I. Sandwith and T.H. Green; at Avonmouth Docks in 1930 by C.I. Sandwith and H.J. Gibbons [BMAG]; and Portishead in 1932 by C.I. Sandwith "Quite frequent" (Sandwith, 1932).
Sideritis lanata L. (Hairy Ironwort - GBIF) - [Sandwith, 1932] General Extinct A native of the eastern Mediterranean; recorded at St Philip's Marsh in 1915 by C.I. Sandwith and T.H. Green - a first and only record for the British Isles.

MELISSA L.

Melissa officinalis L. (Balm) / General Uncommon Formerly much rarer but has become a frequent sight around pavements, walls and brownfield sites; particularly those which are slightly damp and shaded and especially plentiful around Bristol. Elsewhere it is more thinly scattered. Sometimes found in more rural areas including road verges and damp woodland but usually always close to habitation. First recorded in our region at Bridge Yate in 1880 (White, 1912).

CLINOPODIUM L.

Clinopodium menthifolium (Host) Stace (Wood Calamint) General Very Rare

[These records are all referable to C. calamintha. C. menthifolium is restricted to the Isle of Whight. An old name for it was Calamintha menthifolia.]

1924 29/08/1924 ST670884 Roadside, Tytherington Sandwith I Cecil 9526 1956 1956 ST656876 Tytherington, (Manor Farm) Thornbury County Sec. school 2559 1956 August 1956 ST4572 Limestone banks in slope at Tickenham, North Somerset Sandwith I Cecil 9526 1981 27/06/1981 ST345572 Hellenge Hill - AWT Reserve Pinches Mr.A. Andy 18 1986 1985 - 1986 ST476651 Goblin Combe (GC) AWT recorder - - 8347 1998 26/04/1998 ST3157 Walborough Green, Mr I. 1999 1989 to 1999 ST445745 Middle Hill Common Dixon Mr. B. Bill 00599 1999 21/06/1999 ST345572 Hellenge Hill - AWT Reserve Somerset Rare Plants Group - - 3687 2002 24/07/2002 ST337576 Bleadon Hills Fields Pedlow A. 1640 2002 30/07/2002 ST336575 Bleadon Hills Fields Pedlow A. 1640 I remember the plant, though I didn't do the identifying on those - Ellen McDouall did. . Will check data entry on those

Clinopodium ascendens (Jord.) Samp. (Common Calamint) / General Uncommon A locally distributed plant of dry calcareous soils such as old Carboniferous limestone quarries, grassy slopes, banks, walls, rocky outcrops, road verges and sunny open woodland rides. The var. briggsii "With long-stalked cymes; peduncles of the lower verticillasters being sometimes an inch and a half long, longer than pedicels of the central flowers" (White, 1912), is no longer recognised today.
Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze ssp. spruneri (Boiss.) Bartolucci & F. Conti (Lesser Calamint) - BRLSI (as C. calamintha) General Very Rare Native to Britain but a very rare introduction in our area. Recorded at Bath in 2020s by R.D. Randall [BSBI record]; as a garden escape on Horfield Common in 2026 by D. Peters; and historically recorded from "St Vincent's Rocks, Sibthorp, 1780, fide G. C. Druce, who said that he had not seen the specimen. Druce, however, collected the plant there" (Riddelsdell, 1948); "Blaise Castle Woods near Bristol, Sept. 1864; J. Windsor in Herb. Brit. Mus.", confirmed by H.J. Riddelsdell (White, 1912). "I looked up this specimen in the British Museum...and my opinion was supported by Mr. E. G. Baker. Near Bristol, N.B.G." (Riddelsdell, 1948). Other records are considered to be dubious.
Clinopodium vulgare L. (Wild Basil) / General Uncommon Widespread on hedgebanks, in open woodland, scrub, species-rich limestone grassland, and grassy banks. It has declined in recent years. A record of interest was made when several plants were found at the base of a wall on Clare Avenue, Redland, Bristol in 2025 by D. Peters. "With white flowers by the roadside on Rush Hill near Farrington Gurney." (White, 1912).
Clinopodium acinos (L.) Kuntze (Basil Thyme) / General Very Rare Very rare on loose thin soil and rubble on carboniferous limestone slopes and outcropes, and formerly rarely on cultivated ground. It has greatly declined in recent years probably due to the loss of its required disturbed open habitat from scrub encroachment. Best known from the Gully, Avon Gorge where its flowers now readily persist in time for the New Year Plant Hunt.

ORIGANUM L.

Origanum vulgare L. (Wild Marjoram) / General Uncommon Locally plentiful in species-rich limestone grassland, upland pastures, old quarries, commons, open bushy places, road verges, hedgebanks, brownfield sites, grassy banks, railway sidings and cuttings, coasts, and open rocky woods. Also grown in gardens as a herb plant and occasionally escapes. Plants with white flowers were found on the retaining wall of the Physic Garden at Castle Park, Bristol in 2023 by D. Peters. Records of white-flowered plants are also listed by White (1912) from "Banwell. Loxton. Near Weston-super-Mare on Worlebury Hill; about Worle; and on the Bleadon range at Hutton, etc. Hinton Blewett. Great Elm. On banks, frequent; Fl. Bathon".

THYMUS L.

Thymus pulegioides L. (Large Thyme) / Grassland Scattered over the region in dry species-rich limestone to neutral grassland on on the tops of anthills; predominantly in the south-eastern portion of the region. A record of particular interest was made when it was found naturalised over a stone-paved front garden on Bathurst Parade, Bathurst Basin, Bristol in 2023 by D. Peters.
Thymus drucei Ronniger (T. praecox Opiz ssp. britannicus (Ronniger) Holub) (T. polytrichus A. Kern. ex Borbás ssp. britannicus (Ronniger) Kerguélen) (Wild Thyme) / Grassland Uncommon Very patchy distribution but locally frequent in the thin dry turf of species-rich limestone grassland, sun-parched banks, old quarries, rock exposures and outcrops, and on anthills. The taxonomy of this species is extremely unstable with countless name changes made over the years. It is a variable species in leaf size and hairiness and it has been variously divided up into separate species and numerous varieties have been named. Twelve are mentioned by Riddelsdell (1946) of which 4 are listed as present in our region in addition to T. pulegioides: T. lanuginosus, recorded from Alveston, Hb. Mus. Brit., T. britannicus, T. pulegioides x T. pycnotrichus = T. x henryi, and T. glaber x T. pycnotrichus all recorded from St Vincent's Rocks, Hb. Mus. Brit.

[Records of Thymus serpyllum and Thymus vulgaris belong here T.s. 3 records 1926 25/06/1926 ST395708 Old church Hill, Clevedon, North Somerset Sandwith I Cecil 9526 1926 25/06/1926 ST568745 Clifton Down Sandwith I Cecil 9526 1979 19/06/1979 ST725682 Meadows up by Lansdown Racecouse Avon Wildlife Trust - - 8

T.v. 23 records 1st is 1979 13/07/1979 ST794663 Brown's Folly - top Paskin Mr. M. Mike 507.]

LYCOPUS L.

Lycopus europaeus L. (Gypsywort) / Wetland Frequent Found in ponds, ditches and marshy areas, along slow-moving streams and rivers, and in wet woods. It is curiously frequent along the Floating Harbour. First recorded in our region at St Anne's Wood, Brislington in 1834 by G.W. Braikenridge. White (1912) gives the additional name Water Horehound. The name Gypsywort has somewhat racist connotations and "refers to the use of a black stain from the root wherewith gipsies and charlatans might dye themselves, 'the better to pass for Africans by their tanned looks and swarthy hides, to bubble the credulous and ignorant by the practice of magic and fortune-telling.' - Lyte." (White, 1912).

MENTHA L.

Mentha arvensis L. (Corn Mint) - General Uncommon Scattered over the region in disturbed and often damp grassy places, along tracks, woodland clearings, river banks and on the margins of ponds and reservoirs; predominantly around Chew Valley and Blagdon Lakes. It has declined notably since 2000.
Mentha arvensis x M. aquatica = M. x *verticillata* L. (Whorled Mint) - Wetland Very Rare A very rare mint in our region; recently recorded at ST57L in 2010s by ?; at Bath in 2010s by ?; at ST57A in 2010s by ?; at ST46R in 2010s by ?; and at Clevedon in 2020s by ? [BSBI records]. First recorded in a quarry at Twerton, Bath in 1914 by C.I. Sandwith.
Mentha arvensis x M. aquatica x M. spicata = M. x *smithiana* R.A. Graham (Tall Mint) 1973 /- Wetland Very Rare Recently recorded at ST58N in 2000s by ?; and at Bath in 2010s by ? [BSBI records].

6 records 1933 11/09/1933 ST707731 River Boyd, Golden Valley, Wick Royal Botanic Gardens Kew - - 9856 1983 August 1983 ST582690 Crox Bottom (Novers Park), partially in pool Martin Mr. R.D. - 373 1984 August 1984 ST582690 Crox Bottom (Novers Park), partially in pool Martin Mr. R.D. - 373 1984 12/06/1984 ST44905877 Dolebury Warren (DW) Wooded fringe, B2 Merritt Mr.A. J. - 17 1985 03/10/1985 ST581689 Crox Bottom, Hartcliffe. Lower pool with aquatic flora. Martin Mr. R.D. - 373 1985 1980-1985 ST581689 Crox Bottom, Hartcliffe Martin Mr. Roger 134

Mentha arvensis x M. spicata = M. x *gracilis* Sole (Bushy Mint) - BSBI records General Extinct Recorded at Bedminster, Bristol in 1930 by C.I. sandwith; at Avonmouth Docks in 1933 by ? [BMAG]; and at Tyning, Radstock in 1984 by C. Matthews.
Mentha aquatica L. (Water Mint) / Wetland Frequent The most common mint in our region; found in a wide variety of wet and marshy places such as on the margins of ponds, lakes, rivers, rhynes, in damp marshy fields, and in open wet woodland. First recorded in our region at St Anne's Wood, Brislington in 1834 by G.W. Braikenridge.
Mentha aquatica x M. suaveolens = M. x *suavis* Guss. Wetland Extinct Recorded at Avon Walkway, Kennet and Avon Canal in 1990 by S.S. Diamond.

[Is this reliable?]

Mentha aquatica x M. spicata = M. x *piperita* L. (Mentha x piperita L. ssp. piperita - NBN) (Peppermint) /- Wetland Very Rare A rare garden escape. Found at ST65J in 2020s by ? [BSBI record]; and on a bank at Redcliffe Caves, Bristol in 2025 by D. Peters.

1915 01/10/1915 ST6464 On the banks of the Chew, Compton Dando Sandwith I Cecil 9526 COMMENTS: Mentha piperita 1919 19/09/1919 ST562569 Roadside ditch, West Harptree Sandwith I Cecil 9526 COMMENTS Mentha piperita 1920 06/09/1920 ST4473 Weston-in-Gordano Moor Sandwith I Cecil 9526 COMMENTS Mentha ×dumetorum Damp track 1923 13/09/1923 ST6464 by the Chew, Compton Dando Sandwith Y Noel 9527 COMMENTS Mentha ×dumetorum Schult. 1923 11/09/1923 ST4373 Marshy ground, Walton-in-Gordano, North Somerset Sandwith Y Noel 9527 COMMENTS Mentha piperita var. vulgaris Sole 1984 1984 ST7284 Brinsham Bridge Smith A.G. Tony 56 1985 19/06/1985 ST7876 Marshfield, north of, Shirehill Farm Cross, Mr R.

Mentha spicata L. (Spear Mint) / General Uncommon An uncommon introduction; widely established over the region on disturbed ground, rough grassy places, road verges, and on the banks of rivers and streams.
Mentha spicata x M. longifolia = M. x *villosonervata* Opiz (Sharp-toothed Mint) - BSBI records General Very Rare Recorded at Ashton Gate in 2020s by ? [BSBI record].

[Records of Mentha longifolia probably belong here.]

3 records 1933 10/09/1933 ST6464 Compton Dando, Bank of the Chew Sandwith I Cecil 9526 1937 02/08/1937 ST581722 Wapping Wharf, Bristol Harbour Sandwith I Cecil 9526 2006 15/07/2006 ST582753 Metford Road Allotment site, plot 19. Rose Mr. C. - 907

Mentha spicata x M. suaveolens = M. x *villosa Huds. (var. alopecuroides* (Hull) Briq.? - Stace) (Apple-mint) General Scarce A popular mint in gardens; sometimes becoming established in rough grassy places, usually close to habitation. First recorded in our region from Twerton, Bath in 1914 by C.I. Sandwith.
var. villosa Recorded on a roadside at Failand in 2004 by R.L. Bland.

[Comments say exuberant. recorded as Mentha x villosa. Investigate.]

Mentha longifolia x M. suaveolens = M. x *rotundifolia* (L.) Huds. (False Apple-mint) General Extinct Recorded at Elton Farm and Rattledown Farm, Dundry in 1984 by S. Murphy; at Henbury Golf Course in 1990 by F. Cooper; and at Kingston Seymour in 1992 by L. Houston.

[Our the first records relaible. This is not mentioned in FOTBR.]

Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. (Round-leaved Mint) Grassland Rare A rare species of damp grassland; sporadically recorded over the region.

[Perhaps mention records.]

1983 Aug 1983 ST754620 Shepherd's Walk, Combe Down, Bath, footpath from ST748619 to ST757621 Randall D Rob 55 2003 16/09/2003 ST409686 Rust Lane, Kenn. (tip) Evans - Martin 362 2012 22/09/2012 ST763658 Fields by the canal and railway (Hampton Row) SNCI - south of canal Mortin Dr Jon 2570 2012 22/09/2012 ST763657 Warminster Road, Bath Mortin Dr Jon 2570 2013 2013 ST665708 Willsbridge valley (WV) Taylor Mr Bob 3428 2017 06/07/2017 ST6979 Westerleigh Higgins J Rupert 45 2018 29/10/2018 ST603716 Totterdown Higgins J Rupert 45 2022 22/07/2022 ST656684 Keynsham Memorial Park Talbot - Neill 8942

Mentha pulegium L. (Pennyroyal) 1949 /- General Very Rare An introduction in our area. Recorded on waste ground at Bedminster, Bristol in 1926 by C.I. Sandwith [BMAG]; at ? in 1949 according to the Flora of the Bristol Region (2000); at Charlton Fields, Keynsham in 2017 by J. Aldridge; and found as a likely introduction on Royal Portbury Dock Road in 2025 by P. Quinn.

[2025 record in Nature in Avon in 2025, p. 193).]

Mentha requienii Benth. (Corsican Mint) General - BRLSI Recorded growing between flagstones at the American Museum, Claverton in 2000 by J.P. Martin; and at Bath in 2022 by R.D. Randall.

LAVANDULA L.

Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (Garden Lavender) General Scarce Frequently found self-seeded on pavements from nearby garden sources but rarely gets a chance to reach maturity.
(Lavandula angustifolia × L. latifolia =) L. x *intermedia General Very Rare Widely grown in gardens, perhaps more frequently than L. angustifolia* now. It is said to be usually sterile but two young plants were found at the base of a wall on Church Road, Horfield, Bristol in 2022 by D. Peters.

ROSMARINUS L.

Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.) (Rosemary) / General Uncommon Widely grown in gardens and found self-seeded on and at the bases of walls though rarely gets a chance to reach maturity. The trailing cultivar 'Prostratus' or 'Repens' was found naturalised on the harbourside wall at Castle Park in 2023 by D. Peters.

SALVIA L.

Salvia sclarea L. (Clary) 1958 General Extinct Recorded at East Wood, Portishead in 1982 by T. Ford and at Church Hill, Clevedon in 1995 by Clevedon Natural History Society.

[Not included in FOTBR so presumably fishy - check!]

Salvia glutinosa L. (Sticky Clary) 1938 General Extinct Recorded in 1938 according to the Flora of the Bristol Region (2000).

[Investigate!]

Salvia forskaehlei L. (Indigo Wood Sage) General Very Rare Several plants were found self-seeded over slate chippings in an otherwise barren front garden on Radnor Road, Bishopston, Bristol in 2024 by D. Peters; and found in a field west of Alveston in 2026 by M. Ogden. These appear to be second and third records for the British Isles. There is some confusion over the correct spelling of the specific epiphet but this is how it was originally described.
Salvia pratensis L. (ssp. pratensis) (Meadow Clary) 1919 General Extinct Not native in our area. Recorded at Clevedon in 2020s by ? [BSBI record]. Historically recorded from Wyck Cliffs and St. Philip's Marsh (Riddelsdell, 1948).

[1919 28/06/1919 ST772653 Field, Bathampton Down Bath Sandwith Y Noel 9527 plus 3 others that I think should be Wild Clary]

Salvia verbenaca L. ssp. horminoides (Pourr.) Nyman (Wild Clary) / Grassland Scarce A scarce but locally common plant of dry calcareous species-rich grassland, stony pastures, rocky outcrops, rutted tracks and sand dunes. It has declined.
Salvia officinalis L. (Sage) /- General Rare Widely grown in gardens and rarely escapes. First recorded in our region on Oxhouse Lane, Lower Failand in 1984 by P. Rooney; at ST67C in 2010s by ? [BSBI record]; and a single self-seeded plant at the base of a wall on Arundel Road, Bishopston, Bristol in 2023 by D. Peters.

[14 records, some look very garden-y. May need to list records if it turns out most are from gardens.]

Salvia nemorosa L. (ssp. nemorosa? - Kew) (Balkan Clary) 1920 / General Extinct A native of south-eastern Europe; formerly occurred as an adventive of tips and ports. "On a colliery waste-heap (now levelled) between Kingswood and Hanham, 1880 to 1890. On the riverbank near Bitton, 1903; D. Fry. On city rubbish tipped in St. Philip's Marsh, Bristol, in small quantity yearly from 1902 to the present time...One plant with Vervain, succory, etc., on the West Hill, Wraxall, 1910" (White, 1912); there again in 1915 by C.I. Sandwith; and in 1916 by M. Cobbe; Wee Lane [now Glenfrome Road], Eastville in 1927 by C.I. Sandwith; Avonmouth Docks in 1928 by ? [BMAG]; there again in 1932 and 1933 [BMAG]; and Portishead Dock in 1932 by C.I. Sandwith.
Salvia reflexa Hornem. (Mintweed) General Extinct Was recorded as a casual at Avonmouth Docks in 1962 by ? [BMAG]; at Lawrence Hill, Bristol in 1984 by J.H. Scott; and from Bristol Docks in 1990 by R.J. Higgins and J.P. Martin.
Salvia viridis L. (Annual Clary) 1979 General Very Rare A native of southern Europe; recorded at Portishead in 1917 by C.I. Sandwith (as V. horminum); and at in 1979 by ? according to the Flora of the Bristol Region (2000); at Sand Point in 1990s by ?; and most recently at ST76X in 2010s by ? [BSBI record].
Salvia verticillata L. (ssp. verticillata - Kew) (Whorled Clary) 1967 / General Extinct A native of southern Europe; "On the colliery waste-heap between Kingswood and Hanham, 1880 to 1890. Waste ground at St. Philip's, Bristol, 1898 and subsequently, nearly everywhere. Field on the ridge above Weston-in-Gordano, 1910; F. Samson. By the railway at Fox's Wood sidings, Brislington, 1893. It may still be there, but investigation is difficult. Portbury Station, 1905; C. Bucknall. Portishead Station-yard, first noticed there in 1900 and seen repeatedly since. Disused lias quarry near Twerton, 1897; S. T. Dunn. Still there in 1902 and 1904" (White, 1912); at ? in 1967 by ? according go the Flora of the Bristol Region (2000); at Culverslade, South Gloucestershire in 2002 by C. & M.A.R. Kitchen.
Salvia yangii B.T. Drew (Russian Sage) - [on DB as Perovskia atriplicifolia] General Very Rare A popular plant of gardens and public planting displays and very persistent after neglect or as a throwout. First recorded in a hedgerow at Shirehampton in 1985 by I.F. Gravestock; at ST57X in 2010s by ?; at ST47G in 2020s by ?; and at Bath in 2020s by ? [BSBI records].

List:

Stachys byzantina K. Koch (Lamb's-ear) 1984 / General
Stachys germanica L. (ssp. germanica - Kew, GBIF) (Downy Woundwort) - [Sandwith, 1932] General
Stachys cretica L. ssp. salviifolia (Ten.) Rech. f. (Cretan Woundwort?, Cretan Hedge-nettle - GBIF, Mediterranean Woundwort - Cretan Flora) - [Sandwith, 1932 (as S. salviifolia)] General
Stachys sylvatica L. (Hedge Woundwort) / General
Stachys sylvatica L. var. subsericea Grogn. (Hedge Woundwort) General
Stachys sylvatica x S. palustris = S. x ambigua Sm. (Hybrid Woundwort) General
Stachys palustris L. (Marsh Woundwort) / Wetland
Stachys arvensis (L.) L. (Field Woundwort) / General
Stachys ocymastrum (L.) Briq. (Italian Hedgenettle - GBIF, Hairy Woundwort - MaltaWildPlants.com, PlantNet) - [Bristol Botany in 1935] General
Stachys recta L. (Perennial Yellow-woundwort) 1898 General
Stachys annua (L.) L. (Annual Yellow-woundwort) 1908 General
Betonica officinalis L. (Stace, Kew) (var. officinalis - NBN / ssp. officinalis - Kew) Stachys officinalis (L.) Trevis. (NBN) (Betony) / General
Ballota nigra L. ssp. meridionalis (Bég.) Bég. (Black Horehound) / General
Ballota nigra L. ssp. nigra - [Sandwith, 1932 (as var. mollissima)] General
Ballota nigra L. ssp. ruderalis (Sw.) Briq. - [Sandwith, 1932 (as B. ruderalis)] General
Marrubium vulgare L. (White Horehound) /- Grassland
Marrubium alysson L. - (Plaited-leaved White Horehound - Flora of Israel and adjacent areas, Alysson's Horehound?) - [Sandwith, 1932] General
Marrubium peregrinum L. (Mediterranean Horehound?) - [Sandwith, 1932] General
Leonurus cardiaca L. (Motherwort) 1926 General
Lamiastrum galeobdolon (L.) Ehrend. & Polatschek ssp. montanum (Pers.) Ehrend. & Polatschek (Yellow Archangel) / Woodland
Lamiastrum galeobdolon (L.) Ehrend. & Polatschek ssp. argentatum (Smejkal) Stace (Garden Yellow Archangel) / General
Lamium album L. (White Dead-nettle) / General
Lamium orvala L. (Balm-leaved Archangel) General
Lamium maculatum (L.) L. (Spotted Dead-nettle) - General
Lamium orientale (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) E.H.L. Krause (Kew, EDIT, GBIF) Wiedemannia orientalis Fisch. & C.A. Mey. (old name) (find common name! - Oriental Dead-nettle?) 1916 General
Lamium purpureum L. (Red Dead-nettle) / General
Lamium hybridum Vill. (Cut-leaved Dead-nettle) / General
Lamium confertum Fr. (Northern Dead-nettle) 1907 General
Lamium amplexicaule L. (Henbit Dead-nettle) / General
Galeopsis angustifolia Ehrh. ex Hoffm. (Red Hemp-nettle) General
Galeopsis ladanum L. (ssp. ladanum - Kew, GBIF) (Broad-leaved Hemp-nettle) - [Sandwith, 1932] General
Galeopsis tetrahit L. (Common Hemp-nettle) - General
Galeopsis bifida Boenn. (Bifid Hemp-nettle) General
Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyl. (Vietnamese Balm, Comb Mint - Wikipedia, Crested Late-summer-mint - GBIF) - [Sandwith, 1932 & Glos. Fl. as E. patrini] General
Phlomis russeliana (Sims) Benth. (Turkish Sage) General
Phlomis fruticosa L. (Jerusalem Sage) General
Scutellaria galericulata L. (Skullcap) / Wetland
Scutellaria minor Huds. (Lesser Skullcap) Wetland
Teucrium scorodonia L. (Wood Sage) / General
Teucrium chamaedrys L. (Wall Germander) General
Teucrium spinosum L. (Spiny Germander - gardenexplorer.org, Spinose Germander?) General
Teucrium resupinatum Desf. (Reversed Germander?) General
Amethystea caerulea L. (Blue Amethystea - GBIF) - [Sandwith, 1932] General
Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. (Ground-pine) - [Brist. Fl., Sandwith, 1932] General
Ajuga reptans L. (Bugle) / General
Nepeta cataria L. (Cat-mint) /- General
Nepeta racemosa x N. nepetella = N. x faassenii Bergmans ex Stearn(Garden Cat-mint) / General
Nepeta racemosa Lam. (Eastern Cat-mint) - recorded as an escape along the River Avon Towpath at Bath in 2025 by Dave Pole [SRPG Newsletter 2025, p. 55] General
Glechoma hederacea L. (Ground-ivy) / General
Prunella vulgaris L. (Selfheal) / General
Prunella vulgaris x P. laciniata = P. x intermedia Link (Hybrid Selfheal) Grassland
Prunella laciniata (L.) L. (Cut-leaved Selfheal) Grassland
Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt. (American Dragon-head) - [Sandwith, 1932] General
Dracocephalum ibericum M. Bieb. (Iberian Dragon's-head?, Dragon's-head - Wikipedia) - [Sandwith, 1932 (as Lallemantia iberica)] General
Sideritis montana L. (Mountain Ironwort) - [Brist. Fl., Sandwith, 1932] General
Sideritis lanata L. (Hairy Ironwort - GBIF) - [Sandwith, 1932] General
Melissa officinalis L. (Balm) / General
Clinopodium ascendens (Jord.) Samp. (Common Calamint) / General
Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze ssp. spruneri (Boiss.) Bartolucci & F. Conti (Lesser Calamint) - BRLSI (as C. calamintha) General
Clinopodium vulgare L. (Wild Basil) / General
Clinopodium acinos (L.) Kuntze (Basil Thyme) / General
Origanum vulgare L. (Wild Marjoram) / General
Thymus pulegioides L. (Large Thyme) / Grassland
Thymus drucei Ronniger (Stace) Thymus praecox Opiz ssp. britannicus (Ronniger) Holub (Kew) Thymus polytrichus A. Kern. ex Borbás ssp. britannicus (Ronniger) Kerguélen (NBN) (Wild Thyme) / Grassland
Lycopus europaeus L. (Gypsywort) / Wetland
Mentha arvensis L. (Corn Mint) - General
Mentha arvensis x M. aquatica = M. x verticillata L. (Whorled Mint) - Wetland
Mentha arvensis x M. aquatica x M. spicata = (Stace, NBN) M. x smithiana R.A. Graham (Tall Mint) 1973 /- Wetland
Mentha arvensis x M. spicata = M. x gracilis Sole (Bushy Mint) - BSBI records General
Mentha aquatica L. (Water Mint) / Wetland
Mentha aquatica x M. spicata = M. x piperita L. (Mentha x piperita L. ssp. piperita - NBN) (Peppermint) /- Wetland
Mentha spicata L. (Spear Mint) / General
Mentha spicata x M. longifolia = M. x villosonervata Opiz (Sharp-toothed Mint) - BSBI records General
Mentha spicata x M. suaveolens = M. x villosa Huds. (var. alopecuroides (Hull) Briq.? - Stace) (Apple-mint) General
Mentha longifolia x M. suaveolens = M. x rotundifolia (L.) Huds. (False Apple-mint) General
Mentha pulegium L. (Pennyroyal) 1949 /- General - [found as a likely introduction on Royal Portbury Dock Road in 2025 by P. Quinn (Nature in Avon in 2025, p. 193).]
Mentha requienii Benth. (Corsican Mint) General - BRLSI
Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) / General
Salvia sclarea L. (Clary) 1958 General
Salvia glutinosa L. (Sticky Clary) 1938 General
Salvia forskaehlei L. (Indigo Wood Sage) General
Salvia pratensis L. (ssp. pratensis - Kew) (Meadow Clary) 1919 General
Salvia verbenaca L. (ssp. horminoides (Pourr.) Nyman - Stace, NBN) (Wild Clary) / Grassland
Salvia officinalis L. (Sage) /- General
Salvia nemorosa L. (ssp. nemorosa? - Kew) (Balkan Clary) 1920 / General
Salvia reflexa Hornem. (Mintweed) General
Salvia viridis L. (Annual Clary) 1979 General
Salvia verticillata L. (ssp. verticillata - Kew) (Whorled Clary) 1967 / General
Salvia yangii B.T. Drew (Russian Sage) - [on DB as Perovskia atriplicifolia] General

Species to add:

Stachys germanica L. (ssp. germanica - Kew, GBIF) (Downy Woundwort) - [Sandwith, 1932] /
Stachys cretica L. ssp. salviifolia (Ten.) Rech. f. (Cretan Woundwort?, Cretan Hedge-nettle - GBIF, Mediterranean Woundwort - Cretan Flora) - [Sandwith, 1932 (as S. salviifolia)] /
Stachys sylvatica L. var. subsericea Grogn. (Hedge Woundwort) /
Stachys ocymastrum (L.) Briq. (Italian Hedgenettle - GBIF, Hairy Woundwort - MaltaWildPlants.com, PlantNet) - [Bristol Botany in 1935] /
Ballota nigra L. ssp. nigra - [Sandwith, 1932 (as var. mollissima)] /
Ballota nigra L. ssp. ruderalis (Sw.) Briq. - [Sandwith, 1932 (as B. ruderalis)] /
Marrubium alysson L. - (Plaited-leaved White Horehound - Flora of Israel and adjacent areas, Alysson's Horehound?) - [Sandwith, 1932] /
Marrubium peregrinum L. (Mediterranean Horehound?) - [Sandwith, 1932] /
Lamium orvala L. (Balm-leaved Archangel) /
Galeopsis ladanum L. (ssp. ladanum - Kew, GBIF) (Broad-leaved Hemp-nettle) - [Sandwith, 1932] /
Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyl. (Vietnamese Balm, Comb Mint - Wikipedia, Crested Late-summer-mint - GBIF) - [Sandwith, 1932 & Glos. Fl. as E. patrini] /
Phlomis russeliana (Sims) Benth. (Turkish Sage) /
Phlomis fruticosa L. (Jerusalem Sage) /
Teucrium spinosum L. (Spiny Germander - gardenexplorer.org, Spinose Germander?) /
Teucrium resupinatum Desf. (Reversed Germander?) /
Amethystea caerulea L. (Blue Amethystea - GBIF) - [Sandwith, 1932] /
Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. (Ground-pine) - [Brist. Fl., Sandwith, 1932] /
Nepeta racemosa Lam. (Eastern Cat-mint) - recorded as an escape along the River Avon Towpath at Bath in 2025 by Dave Pole [SRPG Newsletter 2025, p. 55] /
Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt. (American Dragon-head) - [Sandwith, 1932] /
Dracocephalum ibericum M. Bieb. (Iberian Dragon's-head?, Dragon's-head - Wikipedia) - [Sandwith, 1932 (as Lallemantia iberica)] /
Sideritis montana L. (Mountain Ironwort) - [Brist. Fl., Sandwith, 1932] /
Sideritis lanata L. (Hairy Ironwort - GBIF) - [Sandwith, 1932] /
Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze ssp. spruneri (Boiss.) Bartolucci & F. Conti (Lesser Calamint) - BRLSI (as C. calamintha) /
Mentha arvensis x M. spicata = M. x gracilis Sole (Bushy Mint) - BSBI records /
Mentha spicata x M. longifolia = M. x villosonervata Opiz (Sharp-toothed Mint) - BSBI records /
Mentha longifolia x M. suaveolens = M. x rotundifolia (L.) Huds. (False Apple-mint) /
Salvia yangii B.T. Drew (Russian Sage) - [on DB as Perovskia atriplicifolia] /

Plants added by me:

Salvia forskaehlei L. (Indigo Wood Sage)

Species which could occur:

Lamium purpureum L. var. incisum (Willd.) Pers. (Red Dead-nettle)

Lamium purpureum white form - BRLSI